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Pacha (Inca mythology)
The pacha (often translated as ''world'') was an Incan concept for dividing the different spheres of the cosmos in Incan mythology. There were three different levels of ''pacha'': the ''hanan pacha'' or ''hanaq pacha'' (Quechua, meaning "world above"), ''ukhu pacha'' ("world below"), and ''kay pacha'' ("this world").〔Diccionario Quechua - Español - Quechua, Academía Mayor de la Lengua Quechua, Gobierno Regional Cusco, Cusco 2005 (Quechua_Spanish dictionary)〕〔Teofilo Laime Ajacopa, Diccionario Bilingüe Iskay simipi yuyayk'ancha, La Paz, 2007 (Quechua-Spanish dictionary)〕 The realms are not solely spatial, but were simultaneously spatial and temporal. Although the universe was considered a unified system within Incan cosmology, the division between the worlds was part of the dualism prominent in Incan beliefs. This dualism found that everything which existed had both features of any feature (both hot and cold, positive and negative, dark and light, etc.).
==Meaning of Pacha==
''Pacha'' is often translated as "world" in Quechua, but the concept also includes a temporal context of meaning.〔 Catherine J. Allen writes that "The Quechua word pacha may refer to the whole cosmos or to a specific moment in time, with interpretation depending on the context." Allen thus chooses to translate the term as "world-moment.",〔 ''Pachas'' overlap and interact in Incan cosmology presenting both a material order and a moral order.〔 Dr. Atuq Eusebio Manga Qespi, native Quechua speaker, directly states that ''Pacha'' should be translated to Spanish as ''tiempo-espacio'' (spacetime in English).〔Atuq Eusebio Manga Qespi, Instituto de lingüística y Cultura Amerindia de la Universidad de Valencia. (''Pacha: un concepto andino de espacio y tiempo'' ). Revísta española de Antropología Americana, 24, p. 155–189. Edit. Complutense, Madrid. 1994〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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